What has caused the rapid loss of Arctic sea ice over the past few decades? A modelling study says that greenhouse gas emissions have undoubtedly warmed the region, but natural variation in the climate has also played a part.
Jennifer Kay of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, says that natural variation may allow Arctic summer sea ice to expand again, but only for about a decade.
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Technology developers working for Gazprom want to use boiling water to fight icebergs.
The researchers believe that the threat which icebergs pose against offshore Arctic installations can be eliminated with the use of hot water. The method includes the use of helicopters to cover an approaching iceberg with a water-proof coat and the subsequent injection of hot water. The icebergs will melt and disappear, the researchers argue.
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The 6th NRF Open Assembly will be held in Hveragerði, Iceland in the beginning of September. From 3rd - 6th of September the theme "Our Ice Dependent World" will be addressed.
Representatives from Canada, USA, Russia, China, India and Nepal are amongst others joining forces to discuss this issue. It regards not only the Arctic and Antarctica, but also the Himalayas.
Arctic Portal will record the Assembly and webcast it on out website.
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Ancient fossilized clams that lived off the coast of Antarctica some 50 million years ago have a story to tell about El Niño, according to Syracuse University researcher Linda Ivany. Their story calls into question contemporary theories that predict global warming could result in a permanent El Niño state of affairs.
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Denmark has confirmed it will make a claim for the North Pole. Four out of five states around the pole have the right to make these claims and Denmark is the last one in line to do so.
The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) oversees territorial claims in the Arctic.
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The authorities of the newly established national park “Arctic Russia” will develop infrastructure so that you can be one of the tourist to explore the earlier closed Arctic islands of Novaya Zemlya and Franz-Josef Land.
More than 800 tourists visited the two archipelagos between Russia’s mainland and the North Pole this summer. That is just the beginning.
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The wreck of the Russian transport vessel “Petrozavodsk” will not be removed from the remote Bear Island in the Arctic. Norwegian authorities consider a removal too dangerous.
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Even after many decades of studying ozone and its loss from our atmosphere miles above Earth, plenty of mysteries and surprises remain, including an unexpected loss of ozone over the Arctic this past winter, an authority on the topic said in Denver Colorado on May 29. She also discussed chemistry and climate change, including some proposed ideas to "geoengineer" Earth's climate to slow down or reverse global warming.
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Lorna Little is like a Polar ping pong ball, going back and forth between the Sub Antarctic and the High Arctic to investigate plant reproduction. Here is her field report from summer 2011.
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A Russian icebreaker will assist U.S. polar explorers in escorting convoys of cargo ships with supplies for U.S. research stations in Antarctica, the U.S. National Science Foundation said.
A one-year contract on the use of the Vladimir Ignatyuk diesel icebreaker stipulates that the vessel will maintain an open water canal in the ice floe covering the McMurdo Bay to ensure timely deliveries of cargoes, especially fuel, to the McMurdo Station and the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station.
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The Russian Ministry of Defence is giving the fishing industry access to formerly closed areas of the Barents Sea.
A deal hammered out by the Ministry of Defence together with the Federal Fishery Agency (Rosrybolovstvo) will provide trawlers with additional fishing grounds in the Barents Sea.
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Russia will not begin seismic surveys on their side of the newly established border in the Barents Sea this year, a Norwegian petroleum web site writes.
According to several different sources, the Russians will not start seismic surveys on the eastern side of the so-called delimitation line this year.
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Significant discoveries of Arctic gas between Finnmark and Svalbard can trigger Norway to extend its current pipeline system in the North Sea all the way to the Barents Sea.
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If global warming continues as expected, it is estimated that almost a third of all flora and fauna species worldwide could become extinct. Scientists from the Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum, BiK-F) and the SENCKENBERG Gesellschaft für Naturkunde discovered that the proportion of actual biodiversity loss should quite clearly be revised upwards: by 2080, more than 80 % of genetic diversity within species may disappear in certain groups of organisms, according to researchers in the title story of the journal Nature Climate Change. The study is the first world-wide to quantify the loss of biological diversity on the basis of genetic diversity.
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Like mercury in a thermometer, ocean waters expand as they warm. This, along with melting glaciers and ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, drives sea levels higher over the long term. For the past 18 years, the U.S./French Jason-1, Jason-2 and Topex/Poseidon spacecraft have been monitoring the gradual rise of the world's ocean in response to global warming.
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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) trapped in ice and water for decades may be reentering the environment due to climatic changes.
A recent publication in the journal 'Nature Climate Change' “Revolatilization of persistent organic pollutants in the Arctic induced by climate change” by Jianmin Ma, Hayley Hung, Chongguo Tian & Roland Kallenborn shows that while the banning on many POPs has no doubt had a positive effect on the concentrations measured in the atmosphere, recent climatic changes could be sending some of the more volatile compound back into circulation.
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In the first study of its kind, researchers have linked a natural global climate cycle to periodic increases in warfare. The arrival of El Niño, which every three to seven years boosts temperatures and cuts rainfall, doubles the risk of civil wars across 90 affected tropical countries, and may help account for a fifth of worldwide conflicts during the past half-century, say the authors.
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USGS Alaska Science Center researchers, in cooperation with the Native Village of Point Lay, will attempt to attach 35 satellite radio-tags to walruses on the northwestern Alaska coast in August as part of their ongoing study of how the Pacific walrus are responding to reduced sea ice conditions in late summer and fall.
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The Arctic may be the world's next geopolitical battleground. The melting ice will have profound consequences for the roof of the world, opening strategic waterways to shipping, reducing the ice cap on Greenland, and spurring a rush to claim rights to the wealth of natural resources that lie beneath. NPR examines what's at stake, who stands to win and lose, and how this could alter the global dynamic.
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You can't get any "higher": On 22 August 2011 at exactly 9.42 a.m. the research icebreaker Polarstern of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association reached the North Pole. The aim of the current expedition is to document changes in the far north. Thus, the researchers on board are conducting an extensive investigation of the water, ice and air at the northernmost point on Earth. The little sea ice cover makes the route via the pole to the investigation area in the Canadian Arctic possible.
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Foreign Minister Lene Espersen presents today together with the the Prime Minister of the Faroe Government Kaj Leo Holm Johannesen and the Premier of Greenland, Kuupik Kleist, the Arctic strategy 2011-2020 of the Kingdom of Denmark. It has been prepared by the Danish government and the governments of the Faroe Islands and Greenland. The main goals of the Arctic strategy are to ensure a peaceful, secure and safe Arctic, with sustained economic growth and development, with respect for the vulnerable Arctic climate, environment and nature and close cooperation with our international partners.
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Billions of tons of carbon trapped in high-latitude permafrost may be released into the atmosphere by the end of this century as Earth's climate changes, further accelerating global warming, a new computer modeling study indicates.
The study also found that soil in high-latitude regions could shift from being a sink to a source of carbon dioxide by the end of the 21st century as the soil warms in response to climate change.
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Using data collected by NASA's STEREO spacecraft, researchers at Southwest Research Institute and the National Solar Observatory have developed the first detailed images of solar wind structures as plasma and other particles from a coronal mass ejection (CME) traveled 93 million miles and impacted Earth.
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A vast network of previously unmapped glaciers on the move from thousands of miles inland to the Antarctic coast has been charted for the first time by UC Irvine scientists. The findings will be critical to tracking future sea rise from climate change.
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An international team of researchers, including physical oceanographers from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), has confirmed the presence of a deep-reaching ocean circulation system off Iceland that could significantly influence the ocean's response to climate change in previously unforeseen ways.
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The Arctic may be the world's next geopolitical battleground. Temperatures there are rising faster than anywhere else in the world, and the melting ice will have profound consequences for the roof of the world, opening strategic waterways to shipping, reducing the ice cap on Greenland, and spurring a rush to claim rights to the wealth of natural resources that lie beneath. NPR examines what's at stake, who stands to win and lose, and how this could alter the global dynamic.
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A polar bear that mauled a man to death in Russia's Far Eastern region of Chukotka has been shot along with two other bears wandering near a village, a co-chairman of the Committee for Marine Mammals, Andrei Boltunov, said on Saturday.
The mauling occurred late Friday night at Cape Schmidt and police found and killed the three-year-old polar bear that attacked the man, as well as a female polar bear and her 18-month-old cub.
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Creating transport infrastructure to develop the riches of the Arctic will top the agenda when geographers from Russia and abroad meet at the second Arctic Forum in Arkhangelsk on September 21-24.
The forum will focus on development of commercial navigation, transport terminals (sea-ports and airports), and corridors like the Northern Sea Route, which could transform Russia’s ability to ship natural resources to the markets of Asia.
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A new edition in the series “Circumpolar Studies” from The Arctic Centre of the University of Groningen has been published. In his thesis author Ricardo Roura examines the impact of tourism on historical sites in both polar regions and the implications for management.
The thesis entitled ”The footprint of polar tourism: tourist behavior at cultural heritage sites in Antarctica and Svalbard”, illuminates the tourism factor in the decay of historical sites in the polar environments. Part of the book is based on fieldwork at the Netherlands Arctic Station covering cultural heritage in Ny-Alesund and Ny-London in Kongsfjorden.
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A new study by the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (Germany) investigates the distribution of arctic-alpine plants and their accompanying fungal parasite, the smut fungi Microbotryum silenes-acaulis. Smuts fungi are multicellular fungi which are characterized by their large numbers of teliospores. The smuts get their name from a Germanic word for dirt because of their dark, thick-walled and dust-like teliospores.
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The Arctic may be the world's next geopolitical battleground. Temperatures there are rising faster than anywhere else in the world, and the melting ice will have profound consequences for the roof of the world, opening strategic waterways to shipping, reducing the ice cap on Greenland, and spurring a rush to claim rights to the wealth of natural resources that lie beneath. NPR examines what's at stake, who stands to win and lose, and how this could alter the global dynamic.
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Canada will lose out to Russia's Arctic shipping routes because it is too small to finance the infrastructure, France's ambassador for the polar regions said Monday.
Melting polar ice will make Canada's Northwest Passage more accessible in the next decades, but Canada does not seem interested in exploiting it for shipping, said Michel Rocard, who recently returned from a tour of the Arctic aboard the Canadian icebreaker Amundsen.
"I have the impression that Canada has given up on the competition to attract a large part of the traffic in 25 or 30 years," Rocard said.
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A growing body of recent research indicates that, in Earth's warming climate, there is no "tipping point," or threshold warm temperature, beyond which polar sea ice cannot recover if temperatures come back down. New University of Washington research indicates that even if Earth warmed enough to melt all polar sea ice, the ice could recover if the planet cooled again.
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Researchers who are working to fix global positioning system (GPS) errors have devised software to take a more accurate measurement of altitude -- particularly in mountainous areas.
The software is still under development, but in initial tests it enabled centimeter-scale GPS positioning -- including altitude -- as often as 97 percent of the time.
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Dwindling sea ice in the Arctic is given a key role in climate change and is feared as a driver of global warming. New research in Tromsø shows that clouds halve the climatic effect of the disappearing ice.
Climate scientist Stephen Hudson at the Norwegian Polar Institute has studied the net effect of the severe retreat of the ice around the North Pole.
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The International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic (INTERACT) announces a call for proposals to be supported by the INTERACT Transnational Access program for Winter Season 2011/2012 (October-April) and Summer Season 2012 (May-September). In Svalbard, the Sverdrup Station in Ny-Ålesund is part of INTERACT. Submission deadline: Wednesday, 31 August 2011.
In order to be eligible for this opportunity, the user group (research group) leader and the majority of the users must work at an institution established in a European Union Member or Associated State.
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With certain improvements, a Soviet-time project to reroute Siberian rivers may be worth reviving to solve drinking water shortages in Russia's Urals and countries of Central Asia, a leading Russian hydrology expert said.
Professor Nikolai Koronkevich of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences said the project to supply over 30 cubic km of water from Siberian rivers to Central Asia, abandoned 25 years ago, may be worth reanimating in a "curtailed variant."
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Svalbardposten and the Russian mining company Arktikugol have concluded an agreement to publish two editions of Svalbardposten in Russian. The first edition will be published on August 21, in connection with Arktikugol’s 80th anniversary. The initiative to the project was taken by the company’s General Director Alexander Veselov.
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Moscow In a multinational race to seize the potential riches of the formerly icebound Arctic, being laid bare by global warming, Russia is the early favorite.
Within the next year, the Kremlin is expected to make its claim to the United Nations in a bold move to annex about 380,000 square miles of the internationally owned Arctic to Russian control. At stake is an estimated one-quarter of all the world's untapped hydrocarbon reserves, abundant fisheries, and a freshly opened route that will cut nearly a third off the shipping time from Asia to Europe.
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Higher sea water temperatures have led to northwards migration of marine species that can create problems for the Arctic cod and other fish stocks in the Barents Sea, scientists believe.
In course of the last 13 years, about 300 southern species have been found in the western part of the Barents Sea or outside Svalbard, a new report from the Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management reads.
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This summer six U.S. students visited Svalbard as part of the five-week REU program (Research Experience for Undergraduates) aiming to understand how arctic glaciers, lakes and fjords respond to changes in the climate.
The Svalbard REU program is cooperation between several American universities and each year six undergraduate students conduct field research in Svalbard. Student research for this project occurs at two field locations in alternate years: Kongsfjorden and Lake Linné. This year the fieldwork took place in Kongsfjorden targeting on the tidewater glaciers Kronebreen and Kongsvegen.
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Cargo transport through the Northern Sea Route is expected to skyrocket in course of the next decade. Climate change makes it possible to use larger vessels than before and the largest tanker ever to use the passage is expected to leave Murmansk in August.
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Human actions have had adverse affects on the Arctic, even its deep sea ocean bed. A new report warns that better care needs to be taken of this vastly unknown area.
It has been said that humans know less about the deep sea bed then the dark side of the moon. The average depth of 3.8 kilometres makes access for exploration inhospitable and only a handful of the approximately 326 million square kilometres deep ocean bed has been explored.
“The main problem is that we still know very little of what we call the deep sea, making it difficult to evaluate accurately the real impact of industrial activities, litter accumulation and climate change in the deep sea habitats,” says the team conducting the deep sea project for the Census of Marine Life.
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The extent of the Arctic sea ice is extremely variable. Danish researches have come to this conclusion.
Measuring the extent of sea ice is almost impossible. It constantly breaks off the ice caps in the Arctic and then melts after drifting in the ocean.
The Danish researchers say this is the first time that an idea of past sea ice levels has been extracted from the region.
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The first edition of the Italian Summer School for Science Teachers (SPEs) took place in Genova, Italy, in the period 18-23 July 2011. The school is organized by the National Museum of Antarctica (www.mna.it) in collaboration with the Italian Ministry of Education and is the first entirely educational project funded by the Italian Antarctic Program.
The SPEs was attended by 12 Italian Science teachers coming from all regions of the country and selected among 58 submissions received. The school was composed by two different initiatives, the school itself and the project “A teacher in Antarctica”.
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Svalbard Science Forum is currently expanding - 1st of August Karoline Bælum joined SSF as a new fulltime staff member in Longyearbyen.
In October an additional new employee will join the team, bringing the number of staff in the secretariat up to three. This will significantly increase the capacity of SSF thereby allowing for even more support and information to researchers.
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Although Arctic sea ice appears fated to melt away as the climate continues to warm, the ice may temporarily stabilize or somewhat expand at times over the next few decades, new research indicates.
The computer modeling study, by scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, reinforces previous findings by other research teams that the level of Arctic sea ice loss observed in recent decades cannot be explained by natural causes alone, and that the ice will eventually disappear during summer if climate change continues
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Ice and frozen ground at the North and South Poles are affected by climate change induced warming, but the consequences of thawing at each pole differ due to the geography and geology, according to a Penn State hydrologist.
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Research director Kim Holmen was among those who received the Chinese delegation that recently visited the research village of Ny-Alesund in Svalbard.
Last year, the Norwegian Polar Institute and the Polar Research Institute of China (PRIC) signed an agreement to collaborate on polar research. The Norwegian-Chinese collaboration on polar research includes cooperation to study glaciers and sea ice, and to facilitate research cruises in the Arctic.
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It took a major Arctic military exercise to help thaw old Cold War suspicions between Canada, the U.S. and Russia, according to a Canadian Forces report.
And despite an "immense" language barrier, the Department of National Defence heralded the success of last summer's groundbreaking joint exercise with its former Cold War adversary.
The report offers a glimpse into the behind-the-scenes tensions that led up to the historic attempt at military co-operation, dubbed Exercise Vigilant Eagle. It comes as the second version of Vigilant Eagle took place this week in Alaskan airspace.
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Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey will embark next week on an expedition to monitor acidification trends in the Arctic Ocean linked to carbon emissions, the agency said on Wednesday.
The USGS scientists will spend seven weeks on a Coast Guard icebreaker, getting as close to the North Pole as possible to take water samples and test for chemical indicators of acidification, officials said.
Carbon emissions are blamed for altering the chemistry of the world's oceans by making them more acidic, which makes it more difficult for fish and other sea life to grow and live.
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The recycling of Earth's crust in volcanoes happens much faster than scientists have previously assumed. Rock of the oceanic crust, which sinks deep into the earth due to the movement of tectonic plates, reemerges through volcanic eruptions after around 500 million years. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz obtained this result using volcanic rock samples. Previously, geologists thought this process would take about two billion years.
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A new study of these minute invertebrates shows that significant events in the past, such as the last glaciation and subsequent reintroduction of species from neighbouring geographical regions, to a large degree control the present day distribution of the 63 springtail species found on Svalbard today.
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The NASA National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP) has successfully completed its most comprehensive end-to-end compatibility test of the actual satellite and all five scientific instruments at Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp's production and test facility in Boulder, Colo.
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An international team of researchers has found the strongest evidence yet that parts of North America and Antarctica were connected 1.1 billion years ago, long before the supercontinent Pangaea formed.
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A NASA scientist and her colleagues were able to observe for the first time the power of an earthquake and tsunami to break off large icebergs a hemisphere away.
Kelly Brunt, a cryosphere specialist at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., and colleagues were able to link the calving of icebergs from the Sulzberger Ice Shelf in Antarctica following the Tohoku Tsunami, which originated with an earthquake off the coast of Japan in March 2011.
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The Governor of Svalbard has revised the regulations for firearm rentals. It is now possible to rent rifles for a period of up to 6 months if the renter has a permit to possess a firearm in his/her home country.
The revised rules for renting firearms for polar bear protection on Svalbard open for the possibility of renting rifles to private persons for as much as 6 months. The person renting the rifle must be over 18 years of age and possess a Norwegian firearms permit, a European firearms passport or other papers giving him/her permission to possess a firearm in his/her home country.
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A North-Sea wind farm has few negative effects on fauna. Most birds avoided the wind turbines, although rotating blades can have a significant disruptive effect on some species of birds. It turns out that a wind farm also provides a new habitat for organisms living on the sea bed such as mussels, anemones, and crabs, thereby potentially contributing to increased biodiversity. For fish and marine mammals, it provides an oasis of calm in a relatively busy coastal area, according to researcher Prof. Han Lindeboom at IMARES, part of Wageningen UR, and several of his colleagues and fellow scientists at Bureau Waardenburg and Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ).
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New computer modeling work shows that by 2100, if society wants to limit carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to less than 40 percent higher than it is today, the lowest cost option is to use every available means of reducing emissions. This includes more nuclear and renewable energy, choosing electricity over fossil fuels, reducing emissions through technologies that capture and store carbon dioxide, and even using forests to store carbon.
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One person has deceased and four injured severely in a polar bear attack in Svalbard this morning. The incident happened at Von Postbreen, about 40 km from Longyearbyen. The injured were brought by helicopter to the hospital in Longyearbyen and are waiting for further transportation to the hospital in Tromsø. The Governor of Svalbard will hold a press conference about the incident today August 5, at 2.30 PM Svalbard time.
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For the last 10,000 years, summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has been far from constant. For several thousand years, there was much less sea ice in The Arctic Ocean -- probably less than half of current amounts. This is indicated by new findings by the Danish National Research Foundation for Geogenetics at the University of Copenhagen. The results of the study will be published in the journal Science.
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Statens kartverk has translated parts of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the new antenna park at Brandalspynten into English. Deadline for comments is 10th September 2011.
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A USC researcher has opened a new window to understanding how the ocean impacts climate change.
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The Governor has decided to change practice regarding reimbursement of rescue expenses for expedition groups which are required to have search and rescue (SAR) insurance. Persons and groups required to have SAR insurance, will, as a main rule, have to cover the expenses of a rescue operation.
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Carbon dioxide remains the undisputed king of recent climate change, but other greenhouse gases measurably contribute to the problem. A new study, conducted by NOAA scientists and published online August 3 in Nature, shows that cutting emissions of those other gases could slow changes in climate that are expected in the future.
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Small-scale fisheries could pose a more serious threat to marine life than previously thought. Research led by the University of Exeter, published in the British Ecological Society's Journal of Applied Ecology, shows that tens of thousands of turtles from across the Pacific are being captured through the activities of small-scale fisheries.
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Arctic sea ice extent in July 2011 broke its previous record low set for that month in 2007, the National Snow and Ice Data Center said today.
Arctic ice cover reached the lowest level for July recorded by satellites from 1979 to 2011.
Average ice extent for this past July was 7.92 million square kilometres. That’s 210,000 km below the previous record low for the month, set in July 2007, reported the NSIDC’s Colorado-based scientists on Aug. 3.
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It was one of the most dramatic sightings ever made in an aerial survey of the Arctic: a dead polar bear, bloated like a gigantic beach ball, floating in open water north of the Beaufort Sea coastline in Alaska.
Researchers say that they spotted four dead polar bears during the survey, and surmised that the bears drowned in stormy waters as they searched for ever-receding sea ice. The idea that polar bears could drown like this became a rallying point for advocates of action on climate change.
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Geographers have projected temperature increases due to greenhouse gas emissions to reach a not-so-chilling conclusion: climate zones will shift and some climates will disappear completely by 2100. Tropical highlands and polar regions may be the first to disappear, and large swaths of the tropics and subtropics will reach even hotter temperatures. The study anticipates large climate changes worldwide.
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Ships sailing in Canada's Arctic this summer are being watched by an aerial patrol crew that is making sure those vessels do not pollute the water with oil or other contaminants.
The patrol, which is part of the federal government's National Aerial Surveillance Program, flies over Arctic waters every summer until late-October.
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Recent studies have shown that human nitrogen additions to terrestrial ecosystems increase the terrestrial carbon dioxide uptake from the atmosphere. A new study published online in Nature Geoscience reports now that the climatic benefits from carbon sequestration are largely offset by increased nitrous oxide emissions, a further side-effect of human nitrogen additions to terrestrial ecosystems.
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Aerosol particles, including soot and sulfur dioxide from burning fossil fuels, essentially mask the effects of greenhouse gases and are at the heart of the biggest uncertainty in climate change prediction. New research from the University of Michigan shows that satellite-based projections of aerosols' effect on Earth's climate significantly underestimate their impacts.
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An analysis of prehistoric "Heinrich events" that happened many thousands of years ago, creating mass discharges of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean, make it clear that very small amounts of subsurface warming of water can trigger a rapid collapse of ice shelves.
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Interested in the coastal areas of Svalbard? This book presents handy information on wildlife, plants, geology and cultural heritage.
The Cruise Handbook for Svalbard also give advices for how to act not to cause any harm to wildlife or cultural remains, and also for your own safety. Recommended landing sites for boats are presented for the most visited areas along the western and northern coast of Spitsbergen. The landing sites presented are located in areas that can still tolerate visitors, and focus is given on information that may contribute to sustainable preservation of the natural environment and cultural remains.
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Continued reliance on a strategy of setting aside land and marine territories as "protected areas" is insufficient to stem global biodiversity loss, according to a comprehensive assessment published July 28 in the journal Marine Ecology Progress Series.
Despite impressively rapid growth of protected land and marine areas worldwide -- today totalling over 100,000 in number and covering 17 million square kilometers of land and 2 million square kilometers of oceans -- biodiversity is in steep decline.
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An unprecedented set of Arctic research flights is providing new sea-ice measurements and helping scientists calibrate similar data from an ice-monitoring satellite.
During a six-week mission that ended in early May, research aircraft from NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) for Polar and Marine Research in Bremerhaven, Germany, flew over the Arctic Ocean from sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland and Norway. They sampled the atmosphere at various altitudes to gather meteorological data, and the aircraft towed electromagnetic sensors to measure the thickness of sea ice. These new readings will help researchers calibrate data gleaned by instruments aboard ESA's CryoSat-2 — an ice spy that has orbited Earth at an altitude just above 700 km since it was launched in April 2010.
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ANTARCTICA is rising like a cheese soufflé: slowly but surely. Lost ice due to climate change and left-over momentum from the end of the last big ice age mean the buoyant continent is heaven-bound.
Donald Argus of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and colleagues used 15 years of GPS data to show that parts of the Ellsworth mountains in west Antarctica are rising by around 5 millimetres a year. Elsewhere on the continent, the rise is slower.
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Have a spare polar icebreaker lying around? The National Science Foundation would like to hear from you.
The agency is scrambling to secure a ship to lead its annual resupply convoy to McMurdo Station, the largest of the three U.S. research stations in Antarctica.
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