Forests, and tropical forests in particular, play an important role in the global water cycle. Delft University of Technology PhD researcher Ruud van der Ent (TU Delft, The Netherlands) has recently shown that evaporation from the Amazon forest is for more than 50% responsible for the rainfall in Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and southern Brazil, where it feeds crops and rivers. Similarly in Africa, the Congo forest exports tons of water through the atmosphere to the West-African countries.
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The traffic of genes among populations may help living things better adapt to climate change, especially when genes flow among groups most affected by warming, according to a UC Davis study of the Sierra Nevada cutleaved monkeyflower. The results were published online June 27 by the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Russia’s second biggest gas producer looks set to get licenses to four major fields in and around the Yamal Peninsula.
Rosnedra, the Russian Agency for mineral resources, now recommends the federal government to give the company the four licenses, Oilru.com reports. With the new licenses, Novatek will boost its resource base in the gas-rich region. From before, Novatek controls the license to the South Tambey field, which has proven gas reserves of more than 1,2 trillion cubic meters.
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A single-celled alga that went extinct in the North Atlantic Ocean about 800,000 years ago has returned after drifting from the Pacific through the Arctic thanks to melting polar ice. And while its appearance marks the first trans-Arctic migration in modern times, scientists say it signals something potentially bigger.
"It is an indicator of rapid change and what might come if the Arctic continues to melt," said Chris Reid, a professor of oceanography at the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science in the United Kingdom.
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Summer is here and so are the summer schools. This week the third IPY Field School commenced with 25 students from 12 countries. Next week “The Role of Sea Ice in the Climate System” Summer School starts with 50 students.
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The number of flood disasters Russia will suffer over the next five years is likely to be much higher than the average owing to global climate changes, Vladislav Bolov, head of the Emergencies Ministry's Antistkhiya Center said on Tuesday.
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Could a multi-million dollar prize spur the next big innovation in sustainable climate technology?
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A painstaking examination of the first direct and detailed climate record from the continental shelves surrounding Antarctica reveals that the last remnant of Antarctic vegetation existed in a tundra landscape on the continent's northern peninsula about 12 million years ago.
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Polar bears that rely on fewer prey animals to fill their bellies may be more vulnerable to starvation and stress as climate change ravages the extent of their summer ice hunting platform across the Arctic, according to a profile posted online about a longtime Canadian bear researcher.
Over the past 30 years, Dalhousie University biologist Sara Iverson has been part of an effort that collected fat samples from polar bears throughout the Canadian Arctic, producing a remarkable catalog of what bears eat for dinner and how that diet varies from population to population.
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Russia will by 2020 need a total of 30 LNG tankers, a leading politician with maritime policies says.
Vyacheslav Popov, leader of the Commission on National Maritime Policy in the Russian Federation Council, says Russia by year 2020 will need a total of 30 LNG tankers capable of transporting a up to 25 million tons of LNG per year.
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Stronger ocean currents beneath West Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf are eroding the ice from below, speeding the melting of the glacier as a whole, according to a new study in Nature Geoscience. A growing cavity beneath the ice shelf has allowed more warm water to melt the ice, the researchers say -- a process that feeds back into the ongoing rise in global sea levels. The glacier is currently sliding into the sea at a clip of four kilometers (2.5 miles) a year, while its ice shelf is melting at about 80 cubic kilometers a year -- 50 percent faster than it was in the early 1990s -- the paper estimates.
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Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on Monday instructed the government to draw up a document on the Kyoto Protocol to simplify and speed up the approval process of joint implementation projects.
The Kyoto Protocol is a legally binding agreement restricting carbon emissions that expires in 2012. A new global climate deal is needed to continue efforts beyond 2012.
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Arctic shipping is an ice dream unlikely to come true any time soon, the head of one of the world's top shipping companies told The Arctic Imperative Summit here Tuesday.
It was not exactly what some in the audience wanted to hear.
A shrinking polar ice cap and a slow but steady increase in ships trafficking the Arctic Ocean along Russia's Northern Route has fueled a belief that direct shipping from Europe to the Far East could be on the horizon. The U.S. Coast Guard has begun referring to the narrow stretch of the Bering Sea between Wales and Naukan, Russia, as "Alaska's Strait of Gibralatar."
That notion was pooh-poohed by Capt. Stephen Carmel, senior vice president for Maersk Line, Limited, the globe's leading mover of containerized freight.
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Norway wants to move petroleum activities to the North by opening a research center for Arctic oil and gas and strengthening the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate’s office in Harstad.
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Microscopic plant disappeared from North Atlantic 800,000 years ago; unwanted return 1 of several climate change symptoms already apparent throughout European oceans Some 800,000 years ago -- about the time early human tribes were learning to make fire -- a tiny species of plankton called Neodenticula seminae went extinct in the North Atlantic.
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Every winter, weather forecasters talk about the snow cover in the northern U.S. and into Canada as a factor in how deep the deep-freeze will be in the states. A new study by researchers at the University of Georgia indicates they may be looking, at least partially, in the wrong place.
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A quick and easy way to detect groundwater in semi-arid hard rock areas that is also economical could improve the siting of borewells to improve clean water supply in the developing world. Details of the approach are outlined in the International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology this month.
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A new study says one of the few benefits of global warming — fewer deaths from the combination of extreme heat and cold — may eventually melt away in Europe.
For years, scientists figured that with global warming there are fewer overall temperature-related deaths when those from heat waves and cold snaps are combined. The increase in heat wave deaths during hotter spells is more than offset by reduced cold deaths in milder winters.
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Russia and Norway may start granting licenses to develop offshore deposits in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean in 2013-2014 under a bilateral sea border agreement, Russia's Natural Resources Ministry said on Wednesday.
The Russian-Norwegian agreement on delimiting the sea border and cooperation in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean will come into force on July 7, 2011. The agreement opens new opportunities for the oil and gas industry in the northern regions, the ministry said after a bilateral meeting on the prospects of geological works in the area.
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There have been instances in Earth history when average temperatures have changed rapidly, as much as 10 degrees Celsius (18 degrees Fahrenheit) over a few decades, and some have speculated the same could happen again as the atmosphere becomes overloaded with carbon dioxide.
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The rate of sea level rise along the U.S. Atlantic coast is greater now than at any time in the past 2,000 years -- and has shown a consistent link between changes in global mean surface temperature and sea level.
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The world's oceans support vast populations of single-celled organisms (phytoplankton) that are responsible, through photosynthesis, for removing about half of the carbon dioxide that is produced by burning fossil fuels -- as much as the rainforests and all other terrestrial systems combined. One group of phytoplankton, known as the coccolithophores, are known for their remarkable ability to build chalk (calcium carbonate) scales inside their cells, which are secreted to form a protective armour on the cell surface. On a global scale this calcification process accounts for a very significant flux of carbon from the surface ocean, and hence coccolithophores are an important component of the global carbon cycle, as cells die and the calcium carbonate sinks to form ocean sediments.
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Understanding climate change impacts on transportation systemsis particularly critical in northern latitudes, where subzero temperatures restrict shipping, but enable passage of ground vehicles over frozen soil and water surfaces. Although the major transport challenges related to climate warming are understood, so far there have been no quantitative projections of Arctic transport system change. Here we present a new modelling framework to quantify changing access to oceans and landscapes northward of 40°?N by mid-century. The analysis integrates climate and sea-ice model scenarios1, 2 with topography, hydrography, land cover, transportation infrastructure and human settlements. Declining sea-ice concentration and thickness suggest faster travel and improved access to existing (+5 to +28%) and theoretical (+11 to +37%) offshore exclusive economic zones of Canada, Greenland, Russia and the US.
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Climate change is affecting plant community composition1 and ecosystem structure, with consequences for ecosystem processes such as carbon storage. Climate can affect plants directly by altering growth rates1, and indirectly by affecting predators and herbivores, which in turn influence plants. Diseases are also known to be important for the structure and function of food webs. However, the role of plant diseases in modulating ecosystem responses to a changing climate is poorly understood.
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A new study by the Wildlife Conservation Society reveals the critical importance of western Arctic Alaska's Teshekpuk Lake region to tens of thousands of birds that breed in the area during the brief, but productive arctic summers, and makes clearer the case for permanent protection of the area.
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Climate change disasters, such as the melting of the Greenland ice sheet, dieback of the Amazon rainforest or collapse of the Atlantic overturning circulation, can be predicted according to University of Exeter research.
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Our changing climate usually appears to be a very modern problem, yet new research from Greenland published in Boreas, suggests that the AD 1350 collapse of a centuries old colony established by Viking settlers may have been caused by declining temperatures and a rise in sea-ice. The authors suggest the collapse of the Greenland Norse presents a historical example of a society which failed to adapt to climate change.
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Russia’s and Norway’s foreign ministers Sergey Lavrov and Jonas Gahr Store are appointed Honorary Doctors of the University of Tromso.
The world’s northernmost university is preparing to receive high-ranking visitors this autumn, as both ministers have accepted the appointment as Doctor Honoris Causa.
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Heavy and prolonged snowfalls can bring about unexpected conditions that encourage mold, leading to the death of plants in the Arctic, according to new international study.
Its results, published in the journal Nature Climate Change, show the long term effects of unexpected fungal development in the Arctic, where more snow is predicted as the climate warms, a June 19 news release said.
During the seven-year experiment, researchers observed steady plant growth under the protection of the snow’s insulating blanket.
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Heavy and prolonged snowfall can bring about unexpected conditions that encourage fungal growth, leading to the death of plants in the Arctic, according to experts.
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Near the halfway point, 2011 has already seen eight weather-related disasters in the U.S. that caused more than $1 billion in damages
The devastating string of tornadoes, droughts, wildfires and floods that hit the United States this spring marks 2011 as one of the most extreme years on record, according to a new federal analysis.
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Unless you're a Luddite, you're bound to know of ".com," the Internet's most common address suffix.
You've also probably heard of ".gov," for U.S. government sites, and ".edu," for educational institutions.
Did you know Antarctica has its own suffix, too? It's ".aq."
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The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) is hosting the new Research Based Innovation Centre “Sustainable Arctic Coastal and Marine Technology”. Up to 7 PhD positions are available within the centre at NTNU and at the University Centre on Svalbard (UNIS). Application deadline: 20. July 2011.
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NATIONAL OCEANS MONTH, 2011 - BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA - A PROCLAMATION
During National Oceans Month, we celebrate the value of our oceans to American life and recognize the critical role they continue to play in our economic progress, national security, and natural heritage. Waterborne commerce, sustainable commercial fisheries, recreational fishing, boating, tourism, and energy production are all able to contribute to job growth and strengthen our economy because of the bounty of our oceans, coasts, and Great Lakes.
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The northernmost parts of Norway might lose wealth creation, influence and ownership in future oil projects simply because there are not enough people to fill the important positions, business leaders believe.
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Using sophisticated methods of dating rocks, a team including University of Southampton researchers based at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, have pinned down the timing of the start of an episode of an ancient global warming known as the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), with implications for the triggering mechanism.
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Det norske oljeselskap ASA has as license partner made a gas discovery in the Norvarg prospect in the Barents Sea license 535, operated by Total E&P Norge AS.
Exploration well 7225/3-1 has not been completed. Preliminary well data indicate gas at three different levels, a significant part of it in the Kobbe formation.
It is too early to conclude on flow rate characteristics and potential commerciality; hence the partnership has decided to perform a production test to gather information about reservoir production properties.
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The dying Russian port of Amderma might become a key site in the development of offshore oil and gas fields in the western part of the Russian Arctic.
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Sigurd Henrik Teigen has investigated heat loss processes in the West Spitsbergen Current outside Svalbard. Through idealized calculation models he has investigated the importance of flow instability for the cooling of the current. His study contributes to the quantification of the processes that modify the warm core of the current before it reaches the ice covered Polar Ocean.
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A new survey of barrier islands published earlier this spring offers the most thorough assessment to date of the thousands of small islands that hug the coasts of the world's landmasses. The study, led by Matthew Stutz of Meredith College, Raleigh, N.C., and Orrin Pilkey of Duke University, Durham, N.C., offers new insight into how the islands form and evolve over time -- and how they may fare as the climate changes and sea level rises.
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A new study provides support for Darwin's hypothesis that the struggle for existence is stronger between more closely related species than those distantly related. While ecologists generally accept the premise, this new study contains the strongest direct experimental evidence yet to support its validity.
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Russian state-owned oil company Rosneft will this year establish a new department on Arctic offshore development.
In connection with the company’s stronger engagement in Arctic waters, there is a need for a new specialized company structure, Rosneft leader Eduard Khudainatov said at the company’s annual shareholders meeting on Friday.
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Tighter limits on soot and smog provide a quick and easy way to fight global warming while protecting human health and raising crop output, a U.N. study said on Tuesday.
It outlined 16 measures, ranging from plugging leaky gas transport pipelines to improving wood burning stoves, to limit "black carbon" -- soot -- methane and tropospheric ozone, which is a greenhouse gas that is a big component of smog.
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The Gulf of Mexico’s hypoxic zone is predicted to be larger than average this year, due to extreme flooding of the Mississippi River this spring, according to an annual forecast by a team of NOAA-supported scientists from the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Louisiana State University and the University of Michigan. The forecast is based on Mississippi River nutrient inputs compiled annually by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
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Most people will probably never travel across the Southern Ocean either by ship or plane to the massive southern continent of Antarctica that anchors the South Pole. The Antarctica continent, drifted with tectonic plates into its current position between 30 to 60 million years ago (Ivany, et al., 2008). Once the continent was in place the cold Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) encircled it, and the land cooled and ice accumulated eventually covering most of the land to a depth of several thousand feet. As the continent cooled, so did the surrounding Southern Ocean, to a temperature several degrees colder than any other...
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The Brenttags project has mounted satellite senders on eight Svalbard Brent Geese. You can follow their movements in a blog.
The Svalbard Brent Goose (Branta bernicla hrota) is the smallest and northernmost breeding goose in the world, and the one that also undertakes some of the longest non-stop journeys of any goose species in the world.
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The eight nations that are members of the Arctic Council have agreed to make Tromso the permanent home of the Secretariat.
– It is a vote of confidence for Norway and Tromso that the Arctic Council has decided to make Tromsø the permanent seat of its secretariat. This would not have been possible if Norway had not played a key role as an advocate for and pioneer of Arctic cooperation, says Jan-Gunnar Winther, Director of the Norwegian Polar Institute.
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The seminar will bring together scientists who have Ny-Alesund as a base for their research. The aim is to exchange experience and share advancements from research and monitoring activities in the Arctic.
The seminar will be held at Lillestrom Centre of Expertise in Kjeller, Norway, 25 -26 October 2011
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NASA's 'Age of Aquarius' dawned June 10, 2011 with the launch of an international satellite carrying the agency-built Aquarius instrument that will measure the saltiness of Earth's oceans to advance our understanding of the global water cycle and improve climate forecasts.
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President Dmitry Medvedev said on Thursday Russia needs new environmental laws and greater investment to halt industrial pollution and clean up over 30 billion tonnes of toxic waste countrywide.
To underscore his message, Medvedev met officials in the once-secret Soviet city of Dzerzhinsk, famed for producing chemical weapons and named "the most polluted small city in the world" by The Guinness Book of World Records.
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When NASA's Aquarius mission launches, its radiometer instruments will take a "skin" reading of the oceans' salt content at the surface. From these data of salinity in the top 0.4 inch (1 centimeter) of the ocean surface, Aquarius will create weekly and monthly maps of ocean surface salinity all over the globe for at least three years. To better understand what's driving changes and fluctuations in salinity -- and how those changes relate to an acceleration of the global water cycle and climate change -- scientists will go deeper.
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The Postgraduate Certificate in Antarctic Studies (PCAS) is a fourteen week (November-January) programme taught by Gateway Antarctica, the Centre for Antarctic Studies and Research at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. The programme is a multi-disciplinary study of the history, science, political discourse, environmental concerns and future challenges of the Antarctic region. It includes a two-week Antarctic field component run in partnership with Antarctica New Zealand. The multidisciplinary perspective along with the broad-based critique of the challenges that Antarctica faces and the Antarctic field component have resulted in a programme that is unique in its focus. The programme is ideally suited to graduates and members of the professions who have an interest in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, and to employees of National Antarctic Programs who want to understand better the current issues and want to experience firsthand living and working in Antarctica.
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The planet's soils are under greater threat than ever before, at a time when we need to draw on their vital role to support life more than ever, warns an expert from the University of Sheffield in the journal Nature.
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PhD candidate Karoline Bælum has investigated subsurface reservoirs in certain areas of Spitsbergen, producing new knowledge about structures that one day can become important reservoirs for CO2 storage. Bælum will defend her PhD thesis on June 10 at UNIS.
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Zooplankton is the main fare for Arctic cod, marine birds and bowhead whales. The delicate balance of the food chain depends heavily on the copepod Calanus glacialis, the most important animal in the Arctic. UNIS scientists have made new discoveries about the relationship between sunlight and plankton, and about the critical role that sea ice plays for these tiny animals.
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Welcome to the APECS Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Listserve, where researchers in climate, atmospheric, terrestrial and marine sciences, as well as mathematics, physics, astronomy and all fields in-between are invited to join our online working group. It is generally accepted in the scientific community that climate is undergoing a significant change in which anthropogenic activities constitute an important factor. To be able to understand and mitigate the driving forces of climate change as well as its consequences we need experimental research and modeling studies. Since climate change is most obviously noted in the polar regions polar research can provide very valuable results for general climate science. One of the main goals of this listserve is to discuss some of the central ideas and techniques of climate science.
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Air and water meet over most of Earth's surface, but exactly where one ends and the other begins turns out to be a surprisingly subtle question.
A new study in Nature narrows the boundary to just one quarter of water molecules in the uppermost layer -- those that happen to have one hydrogen atom in water and the other vibrating freely above.
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OSLO: With the exchange of ratification protocols Norway and Russia end forty years of unsettled relations in the Barents Sea. Oil and gas mapping in the area might start already in July.
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Russia could beat Canada and the United States in the race for dominance over the Arctic´s vast hydrocarbon potential if a special United Nations (UN) commission recognizes-perhaps as early as 2012-Russia´s right to the extensive Lomonosov Ridge under the Arctic Ocean. Such recognition could give Russia control of up to 60 per cent of any hydrocarbons found in the High Arctic.
According to recent statements of Dmitry Medvedev, Russia´s president, Russia is planning to "more vigorously defend its claims for the development of Arctic fields, amid the attempts of rivals to limit its access to these resources."
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The Defense Department has sent to Congress a report on its Arctic operations that leaders say will put the department in a good position to shape U.S. interests as the region undergoes dramatic climate and social changes.
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It just takes a pinch. But from a sample of animal fat, Sara Iverson can determine what predators at the top of the food chain are eating, and by extension, how their diet has changed due to changes in ecosystems.
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Russia and Norway are preparing for joint emergency drills on search and rescue and oil spill cleanup in border areas in the Varanger Fjord.
The Exerceise Barents 2011 takes place on June 8 in the outer parts of the Varanger fjord and include units and vessels from the Norwegian Coast Guard, the Northern Fleet and FSB’s Coast Guard Service, among others. Rescue helicopters from both countries also take part in the exercise.
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On May 26-27, Carleton University of Ottawa hosted the two day conference Canada, Russia, Norway: Dialogue and Cooperation in the Arctic.
It was the first trilateral conference involving the most active Arctic countries and their partners, for whom the Arctic is home. It drew over 100 dignitaries, regional officials, researchers and businessmen. Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Norway Espen Barth Eide, Russian representative to the Arctic Council, Ambassador at Large Anton Vasiliev, assistant deputy minister of the Canadian Northern Affairs Organization Janet King, and Russian Deputy Minister of regional development Alexander Viktorov were among their number.
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The rate of release of carbon into the atmosphere today is nearly 10 times as fast as during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), 55.9 million years ago, the best analog we have for current global warming, according to an international team of geologists. Rate matters and this current rapid change may not allow sufficient time for the biological environment to adjust.
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Travelers in the Arctic can now get navigational warnings and weather forecast all the way to the North Pole. Meteorological services in Norway, Russia and Canada will twice a day broadcast updated warning on weather, wind and the ice edge.
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Vice Speaker of the Duma says Russia soon will make changes into the legislation in order to encourage foreign investors to enter.
In a series of changes in the legislation to make better conditions for investors in natural resources projects in Russian Arctic, the lawmakers in the State Duma also says tax-cuts will include foreign companies.
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This Environment Canada map released June 1 shows where Canada can expect above-average temperatures this summer. All but an area of southwestern Hudson Bay are looking at higher-than-usual temperature through to the end of August.
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Russia intends to spend some 186 million rubles on clean-up after Russian activity on the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard.
The Russian Ministry of Natural Resources has announced a tender for a state order on clean-up of areas on Svalbard where there has been Russian activity.
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Salt is essential to human life. Most people don't know, however, that salt -- in a form nearly the same as the simple table variety -- is just as essential to Earth's ocean, serving as a critical driver of key ocean processes. While ancient Greek soothsayers believed they could foretell the future by reading the patterns in sprinkled salt, today's scientists have learned that they can indeed harness this invaluable mineral to foresee the future -- of Earth's climate.
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As global temperatures rise, suitable sites for many plants and animals are shifting to cooler and higher ground. Can we predict which species will be able to move far or fast enough to keep up? A new study says the secrets to success in the face of a warming world are still elusive.
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The President of the United States of America and the President of the Russian Federation:
- Calling for protection of the shared natural and longstanding cultural heritage of Alaska and Chukotka;
- Recognizing the worldwide cultural and natural significance of the Bering Strait region, both as an ancient crossroads and as an area of present-day cooperation between our two countries;
- Noting that the Bering Strait region is important to the economies of both countries...
.pdf
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A new study concludes that models may be predicting releases of atmospheric carbon dioxide that are either too high or too low, depending on the region, because they don't adequately reflect variable temperatures that can affect the amount of carbon released from soil.
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An irreversible climate "tipping point" could occur within the next 20 years as a result of the release of huge quantities of organic carbon locked away as frozen plant matter in the vast permafrost region of the Arctic, scientists have found.
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UK-based Cairn Energy has filed a legal action in the Netherlands, seeking damages of up to $2 million a day if Greenpeace protesters again disrupt the explorer's drilling plans offshore Greenland.
A Cairn spokesman said on Thursday the action was intended as a deterrent after Greenpeace ended a four-day protest which involved protesters hanging suspended from a drilling rig in a plastic pod.
Last year, Greenpeace activists also launched similar action against a Cairn rig offshore Greenland.
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Natalie Boelman, an ecosystem ecologist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, writes from the North Slope of Alaska, where she is studying the effects of climate change on the interactions among plants, insects and migratory songbirds.
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Scientists from the U.S., U.K. and Australia have used ice-penetrating radar to create the first high- resolution topographic map of one of the last uncharted regions of Earth, the Aurora Subglacial Basin, an immense ice-buried lowland in East Antarctica larger than Texas.
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A team of scientists from the University of Sheffield and Bangor University have used a computer climate model to study how freshwater entering the oceans at the end of the penultimate Ice Age 140,000 years ago affected the parts of the ocean currents that control climate.
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A DNA-based study sheds new light on the complex evolutionary history of the woolly mammoth, suggesting it mated with a completely different and much larger species.
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Understanding the way plants use and store light to produce energy could be the key ingredient in the fight against climate change, a scientist at Queen Mary, University of London says.
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A rapidly changing climate contributed to the demise of Viking settlements in Greenland, according to a study recently published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. According to researchers from Brown University, temperatures dropped over a period of a few decades, which led to the demise of Norse settlements in western Greenland. A reconstruction of climate history from lakes near the Norse settlement in Kangerlussuaq (western Greenland) also shows how the changes affected the Dorset and Saqqaq cultures.
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